The effects of luteolin nanoparticles on the healing of extracted tooth socket in rabbits

Objective: To evaluate the effects of luteolin nanoparticles on the process tooth socket healing in rabbits. Design: This study comprised five rabbits randomly assigned to control animal and experimental animals. Immediately after the extraction of an upper maxillary incisor, the alveolar sockets of experimental animals were treated with topical luteolin while alveolar sockets of the control group remained without treatment. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation with deep anesthesia seven days post tooth extraction. The tooth sockets were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stains. Results: Histological evaluation revealed that luteolin treatment induced earlier healing of extracted tooth sockets. Conclusion: These findings suggest that luteolin accelerates the healing process in tooth sockets of rabbits.

Oral microbiota and their antibiotic susceptibility in free-living monkeys in Goiás State, Brazil: Repercussions for injuries in humans

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Goiás State, which is in the midwest region of Brazil, has several urban forests. This fact, along with the expansion of urban areas within the limits of Forest Conservation Units, increases the contact between humans and wildlife, such as capuchin monkeys. The impulsive behavior of these animals and the scarcity of food cause them to vigorously search for food, leading to direct encounters with Park visitors, which can result in scratches and bites and making them potential disseminators of pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS: Ten specimens of bearded capuchin monkey (Sapajus libidinosus) were captured at the Onofre Quinan Environmental Park in Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected from the monkeys, and the bacteria and fungi present in the samples were isolated and identified. Then, the identified microorganisms were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. RESULTS: A total of 111 bacteria and 12 fungi were isolated, including two strict anaerobic bacteria of the genus Peptostreptococcus, 109 facultative anaerobic bacteria, and 12 yeasts. Among the facultative bacteria, enterobacteria and Staphylococcus were common. Resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin antibiotics was detected in the enterobacteria, and resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin was detected in the Staphylococci. The other strains were sensitive to all tested antimicrobials. Cefoxitin showed 100% efficacy in all isolated bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: For bites from capuchin monkeys, we recommend performing complete hygiene and antibiotic therapy, according to medical recommendations. Given the 100% effectiveness of cefoxitin, it should be considered for this type of injury, especially in the study region.

Reações adversas a medicamentos na cavidade bucal de idosos / Adverse reactions caused by drugs in the oral cavity of the elderly / Reacciones adversas a medicamentos en la cavidad bucal de ancianos

Os indivíduos com idade avançada consomem maior número de medicações e, como consequência, surgem reações adversas frequentes a essas drogas, inclusive na cavidade bucal. O objetivo é verificar as reações adversas na cavidade oral relacionadas aos medicamentos, a fim de que sejam diagnosticadas corretamente e se executem ações que as reduzam ou eliminem. Como metodologia, nesta revisão, foram buscados artigos originais relatando estas reações em idosos, em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados de 2000 a 2018, usando-se termos relevantes ao tema, publicados on-line nas bases de dados dos periódicos da CAPES. Os artigos foram selecionados após leitura dos seus títulos e resumos efetuando-se, a seguir, leitura completa dos mesmos. Os Resultados mostram que, entre os 12 artigos selecionados, tivemos: 6 (50%) sobre xerostomia; 2 (17%) com ulcerações orais consequentes ao nicorandil; 2 (17%) com osteonecrose da mandíbula (bifosfonato e bevacizumab, um em cada); e 1 (8,3%) com ageusia (associada a romidepsin); e 1 (8,3%) com candidíase (associada a corticoide inalatório). Concluiu-se que o idoso requer atenção redobrada durante as consultas médicas e procedimentos odontológicos, em razão da associação de diferentes doenças crônicas e o uso contínuo de diversas medicações. Há necessidade de maior número de publicações focando este tema neste grupo etário, principalmente naqueles indivíduos mais longevos.

Introduction: The individuals with advanced age are the ones who consume the greatest number of medications and, as consequence, adverse reactions to these drugs often occur, including in the oral cavity. Objective: These drug-related manifestations deserve attention of health professionals so that they are properly diagnosed and actions are taken to reduce or eliminate them. Material and methods: In this article, we reviewed original articles, published from 2000 to 2018, reporting these reactions in elderly patients. Articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish were searched, using terms relevant to the topic, published online in the CAPES journals databases. The articles were selected after reading their titles and summaries and, then, the complete articles. Results: Among the 12 articles showing adverse drug reactions in the oral cavity of the elderly, we had: 6 (50%) with xerostomia and its consequences; 2 (17%) with oral ulcerations consequent to the use of nicorandil; 2 (17%) with osteonecrosis of the mandible (bisphosphonate and bevacizumab, one in each); and 1 (8.3%) with ageusia (associated with romidepsin) and 1 (8.3%) with oral candidiasis (associated with inhaled corticosteroids). Conclusion: The elderly require increased attention during medical consultations and dental procedures, due to the association of different chronic diseases and the continuous use of several medications. There is a need for a greater number of publications focusing on this theme in this age group, especially in those longevous senior individuals.

Los individuos con edad avanzada consumen mayor número de medicamentos y, como consecuencia, surgen reacciones adversas frecuentes a estos fármacos, incluso en la cavidad bucal. El objetivo es verificar las reacciones adversas en la cavidad oral relacionadas con los medicamentos, a fin de que sean diagnosticadas correctamente y se ejecuten acciones que las reduzcan o eliminen. La metodología de esta revisión se buscaron artículos originales que informaron estas reacciones en las personas mayores, en inglés, portugués y español, publicados desde 2000 hasta 2018, si el uso de términos relacionados con el tema, publicados en línea en las bases de datos CAPES periódicas. Los artículos fueron seleccionados después de leer sus títulos y resúmenes efectuando, a continuación, lectura completa de los mismos. Los resultados muestran que, entre los 12 artículos seleccionados, tuvimos: 6 (50%) sobre xerostomía; 2 (17%) con ulceraciones orales consecuentes al nicorandil; 2 (17%) con osteonecrosis de la mandíbula (bifosfonato y bevacizumab, uno en cada uno); y 1 (8,3%) con ageusia (asociada a romidepsin); y 1 (8,3%) con candidiasis (asociada a corticoides inhalados). Se concluyó que el anciano requiere atención redoblada durante las consultas médicas y procedimientos odontológicos, en razón de la asociación de diferentes enfermedades crónicas y el uso continuo de diversas medicaciones. Hay necesidad de mayor número de publicaciones enfocando este tema en este grupo de edad, principalmente en aquellos individuos más longevos.

Enfermedades causadas por fármacos en la cavidad bucal / Some diseases caused by drugs in the oral cavity

Se analizan los efectos farmacológicos inducidos por la acción de los medicamentos en las estructuras bucales, tales como mucosa, dientes, glándulas salivales, sistema neuromuscular, sistema del gusto y manifestaciones de premalignidad, pseudomalignidad, así como malignidad asociada a medicamentos; además, se justifican los intereses diagnóstico y pronóstico. También se realiza una revisión del estado actual de los efectos adversos medicamentosos en la cavidad bucal, lo cual sustenta el interés en estas lesiones, pues se considera su gran polimorfismo clínico al extremo de potencialmente abarcar toda la gama de lesiones elementales de la mucosa y tejidos duros dentales, así como la gran diversidad de agentes medicamentosos capaces de generarlas.

The pharmacological effects induced by the action of the medicines in the oral structures , such as mucous, teeth, salivary glands, neuromuscular system, taste system, also premalignant manifestations, pseudomalignancy, as well as malignancy associated to medicines are analyzed; besides, the diagnosis and prognosis interests are justified. A review of the current state of the medicine adverse effects in the oral cavity is also carried out, which sustains the interest in these injuries, because their great clinical polymorphism is considered to such an extent of potentially covering the whole range of elementary injuries of the mucous and hard dental tissues, as well as the great diversity of medicine agents able to generate them.

In vitro susceptibility of oral Candida albicans strains to different pH levels and calcium hydroxide saturated aqueous solution

Candida albicans is present in the oral cavity and in the whole digestive tract of humans and other animals, being frequently related to endodontic treatment failure. The present study determined the incidence of C. albicans in the oral cavity and the susceptibility of isolates to different pH values and saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution at pH 12.5. Sixty-five patients attending the Endodontic Clinic at the Sagrado Coração University participated in the study. The collected samples were cultivated in selective media for C. albicans and the isolates were tested in terms of resistance to both alkaline pH and saturated aqueous solution of calcium hydroxide. In relation to time variables, yeast viability was assessed by the Sabouraud's agar culture and fluorescein diacetate and ethidium bromide fluorescent staining method. Results from the different pHs and experimental times, including those from different techniques measuring fungal viability, were compared using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests (α=0.05). The yeasts became completely inviable after 48 h of contact with the calcium hydroxide solution. On the other hand, when exposed to the alkaline culture broth, the yeasts were found to be viable at pHs 9.5 and 10.5 for up to 7 days. In conclusion, C. albicans can only be completely inhibited by direct contact with saturated calcium hydroxide aqueous solution after 48 h of exposure.

Candida albicans está presente na cavidade oral e em todo trato digestivo de humanos e outros animais, podendo estar relacionada a fracassos do tratamento endodôntico. O presente trabalho determinou a incidência de C. albicans na cavidade oral e a susceptibilidade das amostras isoladas frente a diferentes valores de pH e à solução aquosa saturada de hidróxido de cálcio em pH 12,5. Sessenta e cinco pacientes atendidos na Clínica de Endodontia da Universidade Sagrado Coração participaram da pesquisa. As amostras coletadas foram cultivadas em meios seletivos para C. albicans. As cepas isoladas foram testadas quanto a resistência ao pH alcalino e à solução saturada de hidróxido de cálcio. Frente às variáveis de tempo, a viabilidade das leveduras foi avaliada pelos métodos da cultura sobre ágar Sabouraud e de fluorescência pela técnica do diacetato de fluoresceína e brometo de etídio. Foram isoladas 30 linhagens de C. albicans coletadas da cavidade oral dos pacientes. Quando em contato com a solução de hidróxido de cálcio as leveduras foram totalmente inviabilizadas após 48 h de exposição. Quando expostas ao caldo de cultura alcalinizado as leveduras mantiveram-se viáveis em pH 9,5 e 10,5 por até 7 dias. Em conclusão, C. albicans pode ser completamente inibida pelo contato direto com solução aquosa saturada de hidróxido de cálcio após 48 h de exposição.

Effect of habitual arecanut chewing on resting whole mouth salivary flow rate and pH.

BACKGROUND: Resting whole mouth salivary flow rate (SFR) and pH play a significant role in pathogenesis of various oral diseases and conditions. AIM: To observe the effect of habitual use of arecanut and various arecanut containing products (AN) on SFR and pH. DESIGN: Cross sectional. SETTING: Outpatient Department of Dental College. PARTICIPANTS: AN chewers and non-chewers attending Dental college. MEASUREMENTS: SFR and pH. VARIABLES: Type, frequency, duration and exposure time of AN, Smoking and Alcohol habit. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects study was divided into chewers (n=110) and non- chewers (n=50). The SFR (expressed in mL/10min) and pH measured. RESULTS: The difference between the mean SFR for chewers and non-chewers was not statistically significant. The difference between mean pH of chewers and non-chewers was statistically significant. (P=0.02). Difference in pH was statistically significant among the different types of AN chewers (P=0.024). With chewing raw AN, an increase in frequency and exposure time increased SFR and pH respectively. In processed AN chewers, increase in duration and frequency of consumption increased SFR and decreased pH respectively. For chewers with betel quid with tobacco, increase in duration was significantly associated with decrease in salivary pH. CONCLUSION: SFR and pH are altered in AN chewers, rendering the oral mucosa vulnerable to the toxic effects of AN.

Toxicologia subcronica bucal del extracto fluido de Plantago lanceolata L / Bucal subchronic toxicology of extract from Plantago lanceolata L

El llanten menor (Plantago lanceolata L. [V. zaragatona]) es una planta cuyo fluido se indica por algunos especialistas de diferentes clinicas estomatologicas en el pais, por sus propiedades antiinflamatorias en el tratamiento de afecciones bucales tales como: gingivitis, aftas, inflamaciones de la encia, etcetera. Se realizo un estudio de toxicidad subcronica bucal por via topica del extracto fluido de esta planta, se tomo para ello las estructuras principales de la cavidad bucal delos gerbils, asi cimi algunos de los organos del tracto digestivo por las posibilidades de deglucion secundaria. No se observaron alteraciones hgistopatologicas